西花蓟马天敌种类及主要种类的控害潜能

西花蓟马[Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)]是国际上备受关注的检疫性有害生物,近年来该虫分布范围不断扩大,对农作物、园林园艺植物的危害日趋加重,发挥天敌对该虫的自然控制作用已引起人们广泛重视。本文根据国内外研究报道,总结和记述了西花蓟马的天敌种类及其主要种类对西花蓟马的控制作用。西花蓟马的天敌约有60种,其中天敌昆虫50种,昆虫病原线虫5种,虫生真菌5种。同时,对主要天敌种类小花蝽、昆虫病原线虫和虫生真菌对西花蓟马的捕食寄生及控制潜力进行了阐述。     

Thrips: Pests of Concern to China and the United States

Thrips are among the most important agricultural pests globally because of the damage inflicted by their oviposition, feeding, and ability to transmit plant viruses. Because of their invasiveness, a number of pest species are common to both China and the United States and present significant challenges to growers of a wide range of crops in both countries. Among the pest thfips common to both countries are four of the major global thrips pests, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, Thrips palmi Karny, and Thrips tabaci Lindeman. This review addresses characteristics that enable thrips to be such damaging pests and how biological attributes of thrips create challenges for their management. Despite these challenges, a number of successful management tactics have been developed for various cropping systems. We discuss some of these tactics that have been developed, including the use of cultural controls, biological controls, and judicious use of insecticides that do not disrupt overall pest management programs. The exchange of this type of information will help to facilitate management of pest thrips, especially in regions where species have recently invaded. A prime example is F. occidentalis, the western flower thrips, which is native to the United States, but has recently invaded China. Therefore, management tactics developed in the United States can be adapted to China. Because further success in management of thrips requires a thorough understanding of thrips ecology, we discuss areas of future research and emphasize the importance of collaboration among different countries to enhance our overall understanding of the biology and ecology of thrips and to improve management programs for these widespread pests.     

Heritability of thrips resistance in the ‘IPA-3’ onion cultivar in South Texas

A two season study was conducted to compare the onion cultivars TG1015Y and IPA-3 for resistance to thrips in South Texas. Narrow and broad sense heritabilities were estimated from populations developed from the cross, ‘IPA-3’ × ‘TG1015Y’. Parents, F1, F2, and the respective backcross populations were evaluated for thrips numbers at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Weslaco, TX. ‘IPA-3’ had significantly fewer thrips than ‘TG1015Y’ in both seasons. Yield was significantly different only in the 1996–97 season. The heritability of thrips resistance in this study was very low. Depending on the methods of estimation h ² was 5.3% and 4.0%, and H ² was 4.1% and 8.0%. These results suggest that greater genetic gains for thrips resistance in onion can be achieved by selection on a family basis rather than using single plant selection. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Verbena × hybrida flower volatiles attractive to Western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis

Western flower thrips (WFT) are attracted to three flowering verbena cultivars. The volatile components of these cultivars contain different enantiomers of linalool oxide which have been synthesised and one shown to be attractive to WFT.     

西花蓟马在不同寄主植物上的发育历期

在室内用不同的寄主植物饲养西花蓟马来测定其各虫态的发育历期。结果表明,寄主植物对西花蓟马的发育历期有明显的影响,寄主的不同部位、颜色均可影响西花蓟马各虫态的发育历期,对卵期与2龄若虫期的影响最大。在所有供试寄主中,西花蓟马在黄瓜上的发育历期最短,黄瓜为其最嗜好的寄主。     

北美悬铃木组培快繁技术的研究

[目的]对悬铃木的组织培养进行研究,为实现其优良品系的大量繁殖和保存提供指导方法。[方法]以4个优良家系的悬铃木单株为试验材料,探讨其在不同培养基上的增殖情况,筛选出各自适合的增殖培养基。[结果]在芽增殖上,4个无性系间、培养基间及无性系与培养基间的交互作用均存在极显著差异。通过对增殖培养的方差分析及多重比较,筛选出了SX4、SX12、SJ28和DY18 4个无性系的最适增殖培养基分别为A4、A2、A2和A4,其中以SX4的增殖效果最好。[结论]该研究结果为悬铃木的组培提供了指导方法,为其进一步深入研究提供了材料基础。     

高温对西花蓟马的致死作用初探

室内实验表明:高温40～45℃处理2 h对西花蓟马各虫态均有较强的致死作用,其死亡率随温度升高而明显提高,45℃对各虫态的校正致死率均达100%.田间试验结果表明:高温闷棚42～46℃对成虫的防效达84.5%.     

三种药剂喷雾和灌根施药方式对西花蓟马的残留毒力

选取生产中常用的阿维菌素、噻虫嗪和螺虫乙酯,分别采用喷雾和灌根的方式施于甘蓝、甜椒和菜豆上,药后不同时间分别取3种作物上的老叶片及新生叶片,采用离心管法测定其对西花蓟马的残留毒力.结果表明,噻虫嗪灌根对西花蓟马的残留毒力最高,持效期长达一个月左右,可作为防治苗期西花蓟马的有效药剂和方法.